1. What is the history behind the creation of Shennongjia National Park?
The history of Shennongjia National Park dates back to ancient times and is closely tied to the legend of the mythical figure Shennong, also known as the “Divine Farmer.” According to Chinese mythology, Shennong was a god who taught ancient people how to cultivate crops, make herbal medicine, and use fire.
In the late 1950s, rumors began to circulate about sightings of a mysterious ape-like creature in the forests of western Hubei Province. This sparked interest among scientists and explorers, leading to several expeditions into the region in search of this elusive creature.
During one of these expeditions in 1974, a team of scientists discovered a new species of monkey that had never been seen before. This discovery led to increased efforts to protect and preserve the biodiversity in this area.
In 1986, Shennongjia was designated as a nature reserve by the Chinese government. Four years later, it was upgraded to national park status due to its importance for scientific research and conservation.
Today, Shennongjia National Park attracts thousands of visitors each year who come not only for its natural beauty but also for its rich cultural heritage and history. The park has become an important destination for ecotourism and scientific research, contributing greatly to our understanding and preservation of endangered species and their habitats.
2. Can you tell us about some key historical events that have taken place in Shennongjia National Park?
One key event in the history of Shennongjia National Park is its establishment as a nature reserve in 1982. This was done in recognition of the area’s exceptional biodiversity and unique ecological features, such as its dense forests and rare wildlife species.In 2016, the park was officially designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, further highlighting its importance and value to the world.
The park has also been the subject of many expeditions and scientific studies, particularly in the search for evidence of the elusive yeti or “wild man” that some believe inhabits the region.
In recent years, there have also been discussions and efforts to develop eco-tourism in the national park while balancing conservation efforts. This includes developing sustainable tourism initiatives that support local communities while preserving the natural environment.
Furthermore, Shennongjia National Park has been a site for cultural activities and events such as traditional festivals and performances by indigenous groups who have inhabited the area for centuries.
During China’s reform and opening up period in the late 1970s, Shennongjia became one of the first areas where ecological protection and preservation became a national priority. This highlighted China’s commitment to environmental conservation and sustainability.
3. How has the landscape and architecture of Shennongjia changed over time?
The landscape and architecture of Shennongjia have changed significantly over time due to various factors such as natural disasters, human activities, and modern development.
1. Natural Disasters: Shennongjia is a region prone to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and forest fires. These events can significantly alter the landscape and destroy existing architecture. In recent decades, extreme weather events, including heavy rains and strong winds, have become more frequent due to global climate change, leading to further changes in the landscape.
2. Human Activities: The traditional agricultural practices of the local ethnic groups in Shennongjia have also had a significant impact on the landscape. The construction of terraced fields for farming and the use of fire for vegetation management have altered the natural environment.
3. Logging: Logging has been a major economic activity in Shennongjia since ancient times, resulting in significant deforestation and changing the scenery of the region.
4. Wildlife Protection: Since the establishment of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in 1982, strict measures have been implemented to protect rare species such as pandas and golden snub-nosed monkeys. This has led to restrictions on infrastructure development and human settlements within the reserve, preserving much of its natural landscape.
5. Modern Development: In recent years, there has been an increase in tourism in Shennongjia, leading to the construction of new hotels and other tourism facilities that are designed to blend with the natural surroundings while also contributing to changes in the landscape.
As for architecture, traditional buildings made from wood and mud bricks were once prevalent in Shennongjia but have gradually been replaced by modern concrete structures as part of development efforts. However, some efforts are being made to preserve traditional buildings through restoration projects. Additionally, infrastructure developments such as roads and dams have also significantly changed the physical appearance of Shennongjia’s landscapes. Overall, the region’s landscape and architecture continue to evolve in response to both natural and human influences.
4. Are there any ancient archaeological sites or ruins within the park?
Yes, there are several ancient archaeological sites and ruins within the park. These include prehistoric rock art sites, remnants of cliff dwellings belonging to native tribes such as the Ancestral Puebloans and Anasazi, and petroglyphs dating back thousands of years. Many of these sites can be visited on guided tours or through hiking trails within the park.
5. How do the local indigenous people, the Tujia, contribute to the historical significance of Shennongjia National Park?
The Tujia people have a long history of living in and around the Shennongjia region. They are believed to have been one of the first ethnic groups to settle in the area, dating back more than 2,500 years.
The Tujia people have their own unique culture and traditions, which they have preserved for centuries. They have contributed to the historical significance of Shennongjia National Park in several ways:
1. Traditional Farming Practices: The Tujia people have long practiced traditional methods of agriculture and farming, which involve growing crops on the mountainside terraces. This method has helped preserve the natural landscape of the region while providing a sustainable source of food.
2. Folklore and Legends: The Tujia people have rich folklore and legends surrounding Shennongjia National Park and its surrounding areas. These stories depict their deep connection with nature and their reverence for the environment.
3. Traditional Medicine: The Tujia people are known for using natural remedies derived from plants found in the park for healing and curing various ailments. Their knowledge of traditional medicine has been passed down through generations and is still practiced today.
4. Architecture: Many traditional Tujia villages can be found throughout Shennongjia National Park, showcasing their unique architectural style that blends seamlessly into the natural surroundings.
5. Cultural Events: The Tujia people celebrate various cultural events throughout the year, including festivals honoring nature, agriculture, and hunting. These events demonstrate their strong connection to and respect for the land.
In summary, the Tujia people’s presence has greatly contributed to preserving and showcasing Shennongjia National Park’s rich history and cultural significance.
6. What role did Shennong, a legendary figure and deity in Chinese mythology, play in shaping the history of this region?
Shennong, also known as the “Divine Farmer,” is a legendary figure in Chinese mythology who is credited with introducing agriculture and herbal medicine to China. As such, he played a crucial role in shaping the history of this region.According to legend, Shennong was a skilled cultivator and herbalist who traveled throughout China teaching people how to cultivate crops and use different herbs for medicinal purposes. He also taught his people about the importance of caring for the environment and responsible farming practices.
Shennong’s contributions to agriculture revolutionized the way people lived and led to an increase in food production, which allowed for population growth and the development of more complex societies. His teachings also laid the foundation for Traditional Chinese Medicine, which continues to be an important part of Chinese culture today.
Furthermore, Shennong was seen as a deity by many Chinese people due to his immense knowledge and powers. He is often depicted as a wise ruler who brought peace and prosperity to his kingdom. The reverence for Shennong helped unite various tribes and clans under one common belief system, contributing towards establishing a unified China.
Overall, Shennong’s influence on agriculture, medicine, and culture played a significant role in shaping the history of this region by laying the foundations for its economic development, population growth, cultural beliefs, and political unity.
7. Are there any notable cultural traditions or customs associated with Shennongjia National Park?
Yes, there are several notable cultural traditions and customs associated with Shennongjia National Park that have been passed down through generations by local ethnic groups.
1. Worship of the mountain god: The Tujia people, who are one of the major ethnic groups in the Shennongjia area, have a strong belief in the sacredness of the mountains. They worship “Shennong Dadi”, also known as the “God of Agriculture” or “God of Medicine”, for whom the park is named after. This deity is believed to protect the land and bring good luck to those who pay respects.
2. Traditional medicine practices: The park is also known for its rich biodiversity and abundant medicinal plants, which have been used by local ethnic groups for thousands of years to treat various ailments. The Tujia people have a tradition of collecting these plants and using them to make herbal remedies, following ancient recipes passed down through generations.
3. Marriage customs: The Tujia people have a unique marriage custom called “sangzhi”. Before getting married, couples must perform a ceremony where they exchange wooden rings (carved from the wood of an ancient tree) as a symbol of their love and commitment.
4. Dragon boat festival: Each year, on May 5th according to Chinese lunar calendar, locals celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in Shennongjia. This festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a famous poet from ancient China who drowned himself in a river to protest against government corruption. During this festival, villagers gather at riverside to watch dragon boat races and enjoy traditional rice dumplings called zongzi.
5. Tujia mini-skirt dance: As part of their traditional dance performances, Tujia women often wear colorful mini-skirts made from hand-woven cloth and perform graceful dances accompanied by bamboo flutes and different percussion instruments.
6. Ethnic handicrafts: The local ethnic groups in Shennongjia are known for their handcrafting skills, producing items such as embroidered clothing, hand-woven fabrics, bamboo crafts, and traditional paper made from the bark of mulberry trees.
7. Folk songs and storytelling: The Tujia people also have a rich tradition of storytelling and folk songs, which often revolve around the natural landscape and myths related to Shennongjia. These traditions serve as a means for passing down cultural beliefs and values from one generation to the next.
8. Can you recommend any specific landmarks or sightseeing spots that offer a glimpse into Shennongjia’s rich history?
1. Shennongjia Museum: This museum showcases the history and culture of Shennongjia, including its geological evolution, ethnic minorities, and wildlife.
2. Shennongjia National Natural Reserve: As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this reserve is not only home to various rare plant and animal species but also has a long history of human habitation dating back thousands of years.
3. Laojun Mountain: According to legend, this mountain was once the residence of an immortal named Laozi, who is believed to be the founder of Taoism.
4. Bawang Cliff Tombs: These ancient tombs were discovered in 1975 and are estimated to be over 1,800 years old. They offer insight into the burial customs and rituals of the Ba people who lived in the area during the Han Dynasty.
5. Nanhua Temple: This Buddhist temple was built in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and is known for its magnificent architecture and rich history.
6. Taibai Lake: This scenic lake is surrounded by mountains and is often described as a “world unto itself.” It was once believed to be the gathering place for immortals according to local legends.
7. Daqikua Ancient Dwelling Cluster: Located in Yingpan Village, this cluster of well-preserved ancient houses offers a glimpse into how the locals used to live centuries ago.
8. Zhanglang Village: This village is famous for its longevity culture, with many residents living past 100 years old. Visitors can learn about traditional Chinese medicine practices and other ways of life that contribute to their longevity.
9. Has this area been influenced by any other cultures or civilizations throughout its history?
Yes, this area has been influenced by various cultures and civilizations throughout its history. Some notable examples include:
1. Ancient Greeks: The ancient Greeks had a significant influence on this region, particularly on the coastal areas. They established colonies and trading posts in the area, spreading their language, culture, and architecture.
2. Romans: The Romans conquered much of this region in the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE, leaving behind a lasting impact on the political, economic, and cultural landscape.
3. Islamic Empires: Beginning in the 7th century CE, various Islamic empires such as the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman empires had a dominant presence in this area for centuries. This led to widespread adoption of Islam as well as significant cultural exchange with neighboring regions.
4. Byzantine Empire: The Byzantine Empire exerted political and religious influence over parts of this region for several centuries before being conquered by the Ottomans in the mid-15th century.
5. European colonial powers: From the 15th century onwards, various European powers such as Portugal, Spain, France,and Britain sought control over different parts of this region and left behind lasting legacies on language,culture,and political systems.
6. Persian Empires: Throughout history, various Persian empires such as Achaemenids,Sassanids,and Safavids have controlled territories in this region and have left an enduring mark on its culture,demography,and architecture.
7.Ottoman Empire: As mentioned above,the Ottoman Empire exerted dominance over much of this area from the mid-15th century until its dissolution after World War I.This has led to a strong influence of Turkish culture,languages,and customs in many parts of this region.
8. Mongol Invasions: In the 13th century,Central Asia was conquered by Genghis Khan’s Mongol Empire.This led to periods of political instability and cultural changes,as well as the spread of Buddhism in parts of this region.
9. Cross-cultural interactions: Throughout history, this region has been a major crossroads and trading hub, leading to the influence of various cultures,such as Indian,African,and Chinese,Filipino,lately American cultures on its cultural,social,and economic aspects.
10. Can visitors learn about traditional medicinal practices at Shennongjia National Park?
Yes, visitors to Shennongjia National Park can learn about traditional medicinal practices. The park is home to numerous rare and unique plant species that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Visitors can take guided walks through the park’s medicinal herb gardens and attend demonstrations showcasing the preparation and use of these plants in traditional remedies. Additionally, there are educational exhibits and workshops available to learn more about the cultural history and significance of traditional medicines in the park.
11. Have there been any major conservation efforts or preservation initiatives aimed at protecting the park’s historical heritage?
Yes, there have been several major conservation efforts and preservation initiatives aimed at protecting the historical heritage of Yellowstone National Park. These include:
1. The Historic Preservation Program: This program was established in 1973 to document and preserve the historic structures within the park. It is responsible for identifying significant buildings, conducting research on their history, and monitoring their condition.
2. Preservation of Historic Trails: This initiative focuses on preserving the park’s historic trails, such as the Old Faithful to Madison Junction trail and the Mt. Washburn Trail. Efforts include stabilizing eroding areas, repairing damaged sections, and improving accessibility for visitors.
3. Cultural Resource Management Plan: Adopted in 2009, this plan outlines strategies for conserving cultural resources within the park, including historic buildings and archaeological sites. It also includes guidelines for managing new development while protecting historic features.
4. Partnership with Tribal Nations: The National Park Service has established partnerships with 26 affiliated Native American tribes who have cultural ties to Yellowstone National Park. These partnerships aim to protect and preserve tribal cultural resources within the park.
5. Interpretive Programs: The park offers a variety of interpretive programs that focus on its history and culture, including ranger-led tours of historic buildings, interactive exhibits at visitor centers, and living history demonstrations.
6. Restoration Projects: There have been numerous restoration projects to preserve historic structures within the park, such as the restoration of Lake Hotel which is one of only four remaining Victorian-era hotels in national parks.
7. Stewardship Program: This volunteer program engages community members in preserving and protecting Yellowstone’s natural and cultural resources through activities like monitoring historic sites, removing invasive species, and conducting research.
8. Education Initiatives: Yellowstone provides educational resources for teachers and students to learn about the park’s history through materials such as lesson plans, videos, virtual field trips, and online learning opportunities.
9. Fundraising Efforts: The Yellowstone Forever organization raises funds for preservation and education programs in the park, including those focused on protecting its historical heritage.
10. Sensitive Site Management: To minimize impacts on fragile historic resources, the park has designated certain areas as “sensitive sites” and has implemented management practices to protect them. This includes limiting visitation or using alternative methods of access.
11. Documentation and Research: Ongoing efforts to document and research Yellowstone’s historical heritage provide important information for preservation and protection initiatives. This includes archaeological surveys, historic structure reports, and oral histories from park staff and local residents.
12.Can you tell us about any famous figures or figures of historical significance who have visited or lived in Shennongjia National Park?
There are several famous figures who have visited or lived in Shennongjia National Park throughout history. Some notable examples include:
1. Zhang Sanfeng: A legendary Taoist master and founder of Wudang Martial Arts, Zhang Sanfeng is said to have practiced his martial arts skills in the deep forests of Shennongjia.
2. Chen Huacheng: The famous Song Dynasty poet and author of “The Red Cliff Ode,” Chen Huacheng lived in Shennongjia for some time during his travels through China’s remote regions.
3. Emperor Qianlong: The Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong visited Shennongjia in 1753 and wrote about the landscape and its inhabitants in his imperial poetry collection, “Shishaoyu.”
4. Mao Zedong: The former leader of China, Mao Zedong, stayed in Shennongjia during the Chinese Civil War in 1935 while he was retreating from the Kuomintang army.
5. Li Daoyuan: A scholar from the Northern Wei dynasty, Li Daoyuan wrote “The Commentary on the Water Classic” which describes the legend of how Shennongji became a sacred mountain.
6. Jin Yong: A popular Chinese novelist who wrote wuxia novels such as “The Legend of Condor Heroes”, Jin Yong based one of his fictional sects, Zhixiao Taoist Sect, on a real-life ancient Taoist sect located in Shennongjia.
7. Ye Ting: As a leader of the People’s Liberation Army during China’s second civil war against Japan, Ye Ting fought along with his troops near Yuanjiaping Plateau inside Shennongjia.
8. Chiang Kai-Shek: Leader of the Republic of China from 1928 to 1975, Chiang Kai-Shek visited Zuixian Ancient Dwellings, one of the main tourist attractions in Shennongjia.
9. Diana, Princess of Wales: In 1997, Princess Diana traveled to Shennongjia National Park to observe the endangered giant pandas and enjoy the natural beauty of the area.
10. John Mackay Wilson: Scottish writer and journalist, John Mackay Wilson visited Shennongjia in 1861 and wrote about his experiences in the travelogue “The Dragon and Foreign Devils.”
13.How has tourism impacted the preservation of historical landmarks within Shennongjia National Park?
Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on the preservation of historical landmarks within Shennongjia National Park.
Positive impacts:
1. Increased awareness and appreciation: Tourism brings more people to visit historical landmarks, increasing their awareness of the significance and value of these sites. This can help educate visitors about the importance of preserving these landmarks.
2. Financial support: Tourism can provide a source of income for the maintenance and preservation of historical landmarks within the park. The revenue generated from entrance fees and other tourist activities can be used for conservation efforts.
3. Enhanced protection measures: As tourism increases in the area, there is often increased attention placed on protecting historical landmarks and preventing damage or destruction by visitors.
Negative impacts:
1. Wear and tear: Increased foot traffic from tourists visiting historical landmarks can cause damage to the site, resulting in erosion or deterioration over time.
2. Pollution: With more people visiting the area, there is a higher risk of pollution through littering or improper waste disposal, which can negatively impact the environment and degradation of historic sites.
3. Commercialization: In some cases, tourism may lead to commercial development near historical landmarks, which can detract from their authenticity and cultural significance.
4. Overcrowding: An influx of tourists can lead to overcrowding at popular historical sites, resulting in damage to fragile structures or disturbance to wildlife habitats within the park.
Overall, it is important for sustainable tourism practices to be implemented in order to balance the benefits brought by tourism with its potential negative effects on the conservation of historical landmarks within Shennongjia National Park.
14.Can visitors experience any cultural festivals or events while exploring the park’s historical attractions?
Yes, there are several cultural festivals and events that take place within the historical attractions of Yellowstone National Park. Some of these include the annual Old Faithful Visitor Education Center summer programs, Native American cultural demonstrations at the Indian Creek campground, and the Living History Program at Mammoth Hot Springs. Additionally, various ranger-led programs and special interpretive talks about the park’s history are offered throughout the year. Visitors can check the park’s official website for a schedule of upcoming events during their visit.
15.What evidence is there of prehistoric human activity in and around Shennongjia National Park?
There is evidence of prehistoric human activity in and around Shennongjia National Park, including the discovery of Paleolithic stone tools and fossils dating back to over 10,000 years ago. Excavations at Shizishan Site within the park have also revealed evidence of early humans living in the area during the Neolithic period. Archaeologists have also discovered various cultural relics such as pottery pieces, rock paintings, and tombs from ancient civilizations, indicating a long history of human habitation in the area. Additionally, there have been reports of local residents finding stone tools while farming near the park. All of these findings suggest that humans have inhabited and utilized the resources of Shennongjia for thousands of years.
16.How has development and modernization affected the traditional way of life for people living near the park’s historical sites?
Development and modernization have had a significant impact on the traditional way of life for people living near the park’s historical sites. With the growth of tourism and influx of visitors, there has been increased economic and infrastructural development in these areas, leading to changes in the social fabric and traditional practices.Many communities living near these sites depend on agriculture and traditional livelihoods, which have been disrupted due to changes in land use patterns and introduction of new industries. This has forced many people to leave their ancestral homes and seek employment opportunities in cities or adapt to new ways of life.
Additionally, modernization has brought about changes in cultural values and practices. Western influences, such as technology, fashion, and media, have altered traditional beliefs and customs. This has led to a decline in some cultural practices that were once an integral part of the communities living near the park’s historical sites.
Moreover, with the development of modern amenities such as hotels, resorts, and restaurants around the park’s historical sites, there has been an increase in consumerism and materialism among local populations. This has also led to a shift from traditional values towards a more commercialized mindset.
In conclusion, while development and modernization have brought economic benefits to communities living near the park’s historical sites, it has also resulted in significant changes to their way of life. It is essential for conservation efforts to consider the impact on local communities and strive for sustainable development that maintains a balance between preserving cultural heritage and promoting economic growth.
17.Are there any particular natural features or phenomena that hold cultural significance for locals or visitors to this region?
One natural feature that holds cultural significance for locals and visitors to this region is Mount Tai, which is considered one of the most sacred mountains in China. It has been a place of worship and pilgrimage for thousands of years, with many temples and shrines located on its slopes. The sunrise views from the summit are also highly revered.
Another natural phenomenon that holds cultural significance is the Yellow River (Huang He), known as the “Mother River” of China. It plays a significant role in Chinese mythology, literature, and art, symbolizing perseverance and resilience. Its annual flooding also provides fertile soil for agriculture, considered a blessing by local communities.
The scenery along the Yangtze River also holds cultural significance for both locals and visitors. It passes through some of the most beautiful landscapes in China, including the Three Gorges, which have inspired poets and artists for centuries.
Other natural features such as the Great Wall of China, terraced rice fields in Guilin, and the Karst Mountains also hold cultural significance and are popular tourist attractions.
18.What influenced the decision to make Shennongjia a national park and protect its historical landmarks?
There were several factors that influenced the decision to make Shennongjia a national park and protect its historical landmarks:
1. Ecological importance: Shennongjia is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, many of which are unique to the area. It is considered a biodiversity hotspot and also serves as an important habitat for endangered species such as the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey.
2. Cultural significance: The area has a long history of human habitation and is believed to be the birthplace of traditional Chinese medicine, attributed to mythical figure Shennong. It is also home to various ethnic minority groups with their own distinct cultures and traditions.
3. Tourism potential: Shennongjia’s scenic beauty, cultural heritage, and nature-based activities offer great potential for tourism development. By making it a national park, the government aims to balance conservation with sustainable tourism.
4. Threats of development: With China’s rapid economic growth, there were concerns about potential threats from development projects such as logging, mining, and hydroelectric power plants that could harm the unique ecosystems and cultural sites in Shennongjia.
5. Recognition by international organizations: In 2016, Shennongjia was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site due to its exceptional natural values. This recognition further emphasized the need for protection and preservation of this area.
6. Preservation of traditional knowledge: Making Shennongjia a national park also helps preserve traditional knowledge related to herbal medicine and other cultural practices passed down through generations in the local communities residing there.
Overall, these factors highlight the importance of protecting this unique landscape and its historical landmarks for future generations while promoting sustainable development in the region.
19.Is there a specific time period that is particularly well-represented by the historical sites in Shennongjia National Park?
Yes, the historical sites in Shennongjia National Park are mainly concentrated in the Neolithic Period (approximately 10,000 BC – 2000 BC) and the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). These two time periods have abundant cultural relics and historical sites, such as ancient tombs, pottery kilns, stone tools, and agricultural remains. The park has also been inhabited by various ethnic groups since ancient times, adding to its rich cultural heritage.
20.How do the historical landmarks and sightseeing spots in Shennongjia differ from other popular tourist destinations in China?
The historical landmarks and sightseeing spots in Shennongjia differ from other popular tourist destinations in China in several ways:
1. Natural Environment: Unlike many popular tourist destinations that are built up with large cities and modern infrastructure, Shennongjia is a relatively untouched natural environment. It is known for its dense forests, majestic mountains, and pristine rivers, making it a popular destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.
2. Cultural significance: Shennongjia has a rich cultural history, as it is believed to be the birthplace of agriculture in China. The area is also home to several ethnic minority groups, including the Tujia, who have their own unique customs and traditions.
3. Biodiversity: Shennongjia is one of the most diverse areas in terms of flora and fauna in China. It is home to many rare and endemic species, including the elusive giant panda and golden snub-nosed monkey.
4. Adventure activities: While many popular tourist destinations offer more traditional sightseeing activities such as visiting historic sites or cultural attractions, Shennongjia offers more adventurous experiences like trekking, camping, and wildlife watching.
5. Remote location: Compared to other popular tourist destinations in China that are easily accessible by air or high-speed train, getting to Shennongjia can be challenging due to its remote location. This adds an element of adventure and exclusivity for travelers who choose to visit this hidden gem.
6. Historical significance: Many historical landmarks and sights in Shennongjia are related to the ancient Chinese legend of Shen Nong (the Divine Farmer), who was said to have lived in the area thousands of years ago. This makes it a unique destination for those interested in Chinese mythology and history.
Overall, the historical landmarks and sightseeing spots in Shennongjia offer a more authentic and off-the-beaten-path experience compared to other popular tourist destinations in China. It is a perfect destination for travelers seeking to connect with nature, learn about Chinese culture and history, and have an adventurous experience.