1. Can you tell us a bit about the history of Miyajima Island?
Miyajima Island, also known as Itsukushima, is a small island located in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. The name Miyajima means “shrine island” and the island is best known for its iconic floating torii gate, which has become a symbol of Japan.
The history of Miyajima dates back to the 6th century when it was believed to be a sacred island for the native Shinto religion. The first shrines on the island were built during this time to honor the Shinto gods. However, it wasn’t until the 12th century that the Itsukushima Shrine, which includes the famous torii gate, was built by Taira no Kiyomori.
During the Sengoku period in the late 16th century, Miyajima Island became an important strategic location due to its proximity to Hiroshima Bay and its natural defenses. Many battles between warlords took place on or near the island during this time.
In modern times, Miyajima has experienced growth and development as a popular tourist destination thanks to advancements in transportation and infrastructure. The iconic red torii gate continues to attract visitors from all over the world and in 1996, both Miyajima Island and Itsukushima Shrine were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Today, Miyajima Island remains an important religious site for Shinto worshipers but also offers tourists a peaceful retreat with its lush forests, traditional architecture, delicious local cuisine, and unique culture. It is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Japan.
2. What are some of the most famous landmarks on Miyajima Island?
Some of the most famous landmarks on Miyajima Island include:
1. Itsukushima Shrine – This iconic Shinto shrine is known for its beautiful vermilion torii gate that appears to float on the water during high tide.
2. Mount Misen – At 535 meters tall, this mountain offers breathtaking views of the island and surrounding area. It is also home to several temples and a sacred waterfall.
3. Daisho-in Temple – Located at the base of Mount Misen, this temple features a variety of Buddhist statues, including over 500 stone figures representing the disciples of Buddha.
4. Senjokaku Hall – Also known as the “Hall of a Thousand Tatami Mats,” this structure was originally built in 1587 and serves as an important cultural site on the island.
5. The Five-Story Pagoda – This impressive pagoda stands at the entrance to Itsukushima Shrine and is considered one of the symbols of Miyajima Island.
6. Omoto Park Observation Deck – Offering panoramic views of the island and Seto Inland Sea, this observation deck is a popular spot for taking photos.
7. Momijidani Park – This picturesque park is a popular spot for viewing autumn foliage, with over 2000 maple trees that turn vibrant shades of red, orange, and yellow in the fall.
8. Water Fireworks Display – Held every August, this fireworks display on Miyajima Island features approximately 10,000 sparkling lights over the waters of Itsukushima Shrine’s torii gate.
9. Miyama Trail – This hiking trail takes visitors through forests and up to scenic viewpoints, offering a peaceful escape from the crowds near Itsukushima Shrine.
10. O-Torii Gate Illumination – During certain times throughout the year, such as cherry blossom season or New Year’s Eve, Itsukushima Shrine’s torii gate is lit up with colorful lights, creating a magical evening atmosphere.
3. How did the famous Itsukushima Shrine come to be built on the island?
According to legend, the Itsukushima Shrine was built in 593 by the powerful warlord Saeki Kuramoto on the orders of Emperor Suiko. The emperor wanted a place of worship for the gods that were believed to reside on Miyajima Island. The original shrine was a small, simple structure made of wood and thatch.
However, according to historical records, the first shrine was not built until the early 12th century by Taira no Kiyomori, a powerful figure in Japanese politics and military at the time. He dedicated the newly built shrine to his ancestors and their deity, hoping for success and protection in battle. This led to Itsukushima Shrine becoming known as a sacred place for warriors and gaining numerous financial support from powerful clans.
The current grand structure of the Itsukushima Shrine was largely built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1587-1593 during his campaign to unify Japan. He reconstructed it with lavish materials such as gold leaf and vermilion lacquer, making it one of the most impressive religious buildings in Japan.
Today, Itsukushima Shrine is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and remains one of Japan’s most iconic destinations.
4. Are there any notable traditions or customs associated with visiting Miyajima Island?
Yes, there are several notable traditions and customs associated with visiting Miyajima Island:
1. Greeting the Sacred Deer: The island is home to a large population of deer that are considered sacred messengers of the gods. Visitors often make it a point to bow or offer food to these deer as a sign of respect.
2. Purification Rituals: As with many Shinto shrines in Japan, there are purification rituals that visitors can participate in at Miyajima’s Itsukushima Shrine. These include rinsing their hands and mouth with water at the temizuya (water ablution pavilion).
3. Omikuji Fortune Telling: At Itsukushima Shrine, visitors can purchase omikuji (fortune-telling slips) for a small fee. This tradition involves randomly selecting one of many slips that contain a prediction for your future.
4. Floating Torii Gate: The iconic torii gate at Itsukushima Shrine appears to be floating on water during high tide, which is considered a sacred sight and is often photographed by visitors.
5. Visiting Pagodas: There are two pagodas located on Miyajima Island – Daisho-in Temple’s five-story pagoda and Senjokaku Hall’s 10,000 tatamis pagoda. It is believed that walking clockwise three times around these structures will bring about good luck.
6. O-Mairi Prayer Ritual: At Itsukushima Shrine, visitors have the opportunity to participate in o-mairi, a Shinto prayer ritual where they offer coins and prayers at the main shrine while bowing twice, clapping twice, and bowing again.
7. Eating Momiji Manju: Momiji manju is a popular local sweet found on Miyajima Island shaped like maple leaves (momiji) filled with sweet red bean paste or other flavors such as custard or chocolate.
8. Taking a Walk to Mount Misen: Located in the center of the island, Mount Misen is considered a sacred mountain and has several trails leading to its summit. Many visitors take a hike to the top for its beautiful views and spiritual significance.
9. Tying Ema Plaques: Ema are small wooden plaques where wishes or prayers can be written and tied at Itsukushima Shrine. It is believed that by tying one’s wish at a shrine, the gods will grant it.
10. Attending Festivals: There are several festivals held on Miyajima Island throughout the year, including the Kangensai Festival in July and Otsukimi (Moon Viewing) Festival in September/October. These festivals offer a unique cultural experience for visitors to enjoy traditional music, dances, and food.
5. Can visitors access all areas of the island or are there restricted areas?
Visitors can access most areas of the island, but there may be some restricted areas due to conservation efforts or safety concerns. These restrictions are usually clearly marked and visitors are urged to follow them for their own safety and to protect the habitat of the local wildlife.
6. What makes Mount Misen a popular sightseeing spot on Miyajima Island?
Mount Misen is a popular sightseeing spot on Miyajima Island for several reasons:
1. Scenic Views: The mountain offers stunning views of the Seto Inland Sea and the surrounding islands, making it a popular spot for nature enthusiasts.
2. Natural Beauty: Mount Misen is located within the Setonaikai National Park, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, and boasts a diverse range of flora and fauna, including some rare and endemic species.
3. Religious Significance: Mount Misen has been considered a sacred site since ancient times and has several Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines located along its hiking trails. The summit also has an ancient fire ceremony that is performed twice a day by monks.
4. Hiking Opportunities: There are several hiking trails on Mount Misen, catering to different skill levels. The most popular route is the Momijidani Course, which takes hikers through a picturesque maple valley before reaching the summit.
5. Cable Car Rides: For those who are not able to hike up to the summit, there is a ropeway or cable car that takes visitors from Momijidani Station to Shishiiwa Station near the top of Mount Misen.
6. Sunset Views: Many people visit Mount Misen in the evening to catch the breathtaking sunset over the islands. On clear days, one can see as far as Hiroshima City in the distance.
7. What is the significance of the torii gate in front of Itsukushima Shrine?
The torii gate in front of Itsukushima Shrine is considered to be one of the most iconic and important symbols of Japanese Shintoism. It is significant because it marks the boundary between the human world and the spiritual realm, as well as symbolizing the entrance to a sacred space. It is believed that passing through the torii gate purifies a person and allows them to enter into a sacred space where they can communicate with the divine. Additionally, the torii gate at Itsukushima Shrine is thought to represent the connection between mortals and gods, as it stands in the water and becomes one with nature during high tide. It also serves as a visual reminder of the importance of harmony between humans and nature in Shinto beliefs. The torii gate at Itsukushima Shrine has become an internationally recognized symbol of Japan, representing its cultural heritage and spiritual traditions.
8. Are there any events or festivals that take place on Miyajima Island throughout the year?
Yes, there are several events and festivals that take place on Miyajima Island throughout the year. Some of these include:
1. New Year’s Festival (January): This festival takes place on New Year’s Day when locals and tourists gather at Itsukushima Shrine to pray for good luck and happiness in the new year.
2. Omotesando Avenue Cherry Blossom Festival (April): During the cherry blossom season, Omotesando Avenue, the main street leading to Itsukushima Shrine, is lined with blooming cherry trees and many food and souvenir stalls.
3. Otorii Grand Festival (April): This festival celebrates the symbolic Otorii Gate of Itsukushima Shrine. It features a parade of priests dressed in traditional attire and a ritual ceremony to purify the gate.
4. Hiwatarishiki Ceremony (May): This unique ceremony involves priests walking through the shallow waters of the sea from Itsukushima Shrine to Miyajima Island’s Mount Misen while chanting prayers for prosperity and good health.
5. Tenjin Festival (July): This annual festival celebrates Sugawara-no-Michizane, a deity known for academic success. It features a procession of portable shrines followed by fireworks in the evening.
6. Miyajima Jazz Festival (August): Held at several locations on Miyajima Island, this festival showcases local and international jazz musicians performing on various stages throughout the day.
7. Autumn Leaves Illumination (November-December): During autumn, Momiji-dani Park is lit up with colorful lights highlighting the vibrant hues of red and orange leaves.
8. Setouchi Triennale Art Festival (Every three years starting in 2010): This internationally renowned art festival features installations, exhibitions, and performances by various artists spread out over seven different islands in Seto Inland Sea, including Miyajima Island.
9. Is it possible to see wild deer roaming around the island?
It is highly unlikely to see wild deer roaming around the island. Most islands do not have the necessary habitat or resources to support a population of deer. Additionally, many islands are protected nature reserves where hunting and human interference is not allowed, making it even less likely for deer populations to exist on these islands. If you do encounter deer on an island, they are most likely non-native or escaped domesticated deer that have been brought to the island by humans.
10. What is unique about Daisho-in Temple compared to other temples in Japan?
One unique aspect of Daisho-in Temple is its combination of both Shingon and Tendai Buddhist sects, which is rare in Japan. This temple also displays a wide range of Buddhist statues, including ones from India, China, and Tibet as well as Japanese sculptures. Additionally, the temple has spiritual walking trails with over 500 hand-carved stone steps, known as the “Niomon Steps,” leading up to it. These steps are adorned with lanterns, Buddhist images, and moss-covered stones that add to the serene atmosphere of the temple. The temple also contains a collection of over 70,000 sutras (Buddhist scriptures), which is one of the largest collections in Japan.
11. Are there any hiking trails or nature walks available for travelers on Miyajima Island?
Yes, there are several hiking trails and nature walks available for travelers on Miyajima Island:
1. Mount Misen Trail – This is the main hiking trail on Miyajima Island, which leads to the summit of Mount Misen (535 meters). The entire hike takes about 2-3 hours round trip, and offers beautiful views of the island and surrounding islands.
2. Daishoin Temple Trail – This is a short trail that starts from near the Itsukushima Shrine and leads to Daishoin Temple. Along the way, you will pass through beautiful forests and see various Buddhist statues.
3. Momijidani Park Trails – Located near the base of Mount Misen, this park offers several walking trails through beautiful maple forests. The trails range from easy strolls to more challenging hikes.
4. Omotesando Shopping Street Nature Walk – This pleasant walk along the shopping street on Miyajima Island combines traditional Japanese architecture with natural surroundings.
5. Nishi-guchi Route Trail – This trail connects Momijidani Park with Omotesando Shopping Street and offers a peaceful walk through forests and along a river.
Please note that some of these trails may be temporarily closed or restricted due to weather conditions or maintenance work. It is best to check with local tourist information centers before embarking on any hikes or walks.
12. How does one get to and from Miyajima Island from Hiroshima city?
There are several ways to get to and from Miyajima Island from Hiroshima city:
1. Ferry: The most popular way to access Miyajima Island is by taking a 10-minute ferry ride from the Miyajimaguchi port, located just a short train or tram ride away from Hiroshima city. The ferry runs frequently throughout the day and costs 180 yen one-way for adults.
2. Train: You can also take a train from JR Hiroshima Station to either Miyajimaguchi Station or JR Miyajimaguchi Station, which are both located near the ferry terminal. The journey takes about 30 minutes and costs around 410 yen one-way.
3. Tram: Another option is to take the tram (Hiroden Line 2) from central Hiroshima to Miyajimaguchi Station, where you can then transfer to the ferry or continue on foot to the island.
4. Private boat tours: For a more luxurious experience, you can also book private boat tours that depart from either the Peace Park or Motoyasu River in central Hiroshima.
5. Public bus: There is a direct bus (Hiroshima-Miyajima Line) that runs between downtown Hiroshima and Miyajima Island, with stops at major sightseeing spots along the way. The journey takes about an hour and costs 1,470 yen one-way.
Regardless of which mode of transportation you choose, it is highly recommended to purchase a one-day pass for unlimited use of all transportation options between Hiroshima city and Miyajima Island.
13. Is there any historical significance behind Senjokaku Hall on Itsukushima Shrine’s grounds?
Yes, Senjokaku Hall (also known as Toyokuni Shrine) has a significant historical and cultural significance. It was originally built in 1587 by the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi as a memorial to his mother. However, the construction was halted after Hideyoshi’s death and the hall remained unfinished.
Later, during the Edo period, the hall was completed by Tokugawa Hidetada, the second shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It was named Senjokaku, which means “thousand mat hall” to signify its large size.
Senjokaku Hall also served as a place for religious ceremonies and political meetings during that time. It is said that important decisions and policies were made inside this hall.
Today, Senjokaku Hall is an important cultural property and symbol of Itsukushima Shrine. Its unique design and rich history make it a popular tourist attraction on the island of Miyajima.
14. Can you share any interesting stories or legends associated with Momijidani Park?
Sure! One interesting legend associated with Momijidani Park is the story of how the maple trees got their vibrant red color.
According to the legend, there was a beautiful princess named Momiji who lived in the forest near the park. She was known for her kindness and her love for all creatures of the forest. One day, an evil dragon appeared and started to terrorize the animals in the forest.
Determined to protect her home and the creatures she loved, Princess Momiji went to face the dragon. After a fierce battle, she managed to defeat it but not without sustaining some serious injuries.
The animals of the forest were grateful and wanted to do something to help heal Princess Momiji’s wounds. They gathered all kinds of colorful leaves from nearby trees and used them to cover her wounds. Miraculously, as the leaves touched her skin, they turned into bright red maple leaves.
From that day on, every autumn, the leaves of Momijidani Park turn into vibrant shades of red as a reminder of Princess Momiji’s bravery and kindness.
15. Is photography allowed at all areas of Miyajima Island, particularly at religious sites?
Photography is generally allowed at most areas of Miyajima Island, however it is prohibited at some specific locations such as the inner shrine of Itsukushima Shrine. It is important to respect any signs or guidelines regarding photography at religious sites on the island.
16. Are there any famous local dishes or delicacies that visitors should try while on Miyajima Island?
Yes, there are several delicious dishes and delicacies that visitors should try while on Miyajima Island.1. Momiji Manju – This is a popular sweet treat made of soft cake filled with red bean paste and shaped like the island’s iconic maple leaf.
2. Anago-meshi – Grilled conger eel served over steamed rice, often topped with a savory sauce.
3. Hiroshima-style Okonomiyaki – This savory pancake dish made with cabbage, noodles, meat or seafood, and topped with a variety of toppings such as mayonnaise and okonomiyaki sauce.
4. Soba noodles – Miyajima Island is known for its high-quality buckwheat noodles, which are best enjoyed in a simple broth or dipping sauce.
5. Oysters – The island is famous for its fresh oysters, which can be eaten raw or grilled to perfection.
6. Momotaro Ramen – A specialty ramen dish that features locally caught fish in the broth, giving it a unique flavor.
7. Kaki Fry – Another dish showcasing the island’s oysters, kaki fry is deep-fried breaded oysters served with a side of tartar sauce.
8. Juchheim Baumkuchen – A popular souvenir from the island, this dessert is a ring-shaped cake made of layers of batter cooked on a spit until golden brown.
9. Saltwater-grilled fish – Miyajima’s surrounding waters are rich in seafood, making saltwater-grilled fish a must-try delicacy on the island.
10. Momiji Tempura – A twist on traditional tempura using maple leaves instead of vegetables or seafood as the base for frying.
17. What are some recommended places to stay for tourists visiting Miyajima Island?
1. Miyajima Seaside Hotel
2. Miyajima Grand Hotel Arimoto
3. Miyajima Hotel Makoto
4. Iwaso Ryokan
5. Kikunoya Ryokan
6. Livemax Resort Aki-Miyajima
7. Ikawa Ryokan
8. Kurayado Iroha Miyajima
9. Mizuhaso Inn
10. Sakuraya Ryokan
18. In your opinion, what is the best time of year to visit and explore Miyajima Island?
The best time of year to visit and explore Miyajima Island is during spring (March-May) or autumn (September-November). During these seasons, the weather is pleasant and comfortable for walking around the island. Additionally, you can witness beautiful cherry blossoms in spring or vibrant fall foliage in autumn, making your visit even more picturesque. Crowds are also typically smaller during these times compared to the busy summer months.
19.Can you suggest any lesser-known spots or hidden gems on the island that tourists might enjoy?
There are many lesser-known spots on the island of Maui that tourists may enjoy. Some hidden gems include:
1. Bamboo Forest in Haleakala National Park – This picturesque trail winds through a stunning bamboo forest, leading to a beautiful waterfall.
2. Wai’anapanapa State Park – This state park is home to a black sand beach, lava caves, and a blowhole.
3. Makawao Town – This charming town is known for its Paniolo (Hawaiian cowboy) culture and offers unique shops, galleries, and restaurants.
4. Iao Valley State Park – This lush valley is home to the iconic Iao Needle rock formation and offers scenic hiking trails.
5. Kaupo General Store – Located in a remote area of Maui, this historic general store serves up delicious Hawaiian plate lunches and has stunning views of the coastline.
6. Kula Lavender Farm – Explore over 45 varieties of lavender at this picturesque farm located on the slopes of Haleakala.
7. Ho’okipa Beach Park – This popular spot for surfers also offers a chance to spot sea turtles basking on the shore.
8. Nakalele Blowhole – This natural wonder creates impressive geysers when waves crash into the shoreline.
9. Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge – Bird lovers will enjoy spotting rare bird species at this refuge that also offers great views of Mauna Kahalawai (West Maui Mountains).
10. Ali’i Kula Lavender Farm – Located in Upcountry Maui, this lavender farm offers breathtaking views and unique activities such as lavender tea tasting and lei making classes.
20.What steps has Japan taken to preserve and protect its historical landmarks on Miyajima Island for future generations?
1. Designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site: Miyajima Island, along with its iconic Itsukushima Shrine, was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. This recognition has brought international attention and support for the preservation of the island’s historical landmarks.
2. Government Protection Laws: The Japanese government has implemented laws to protect historical landmarks on Miyajima Island, including the Cultural Properties Protection Law and the Landscape Act.
3. Collaboration with Local Communities: The local community plays a crucial role in preserving the island’s historical landmarks. The government collaborates closely with the residents to ensure that conservation efforts are sustainable and reflect their traditional way of life.
4. Preservation Projects: Over the years, Japan has invested in various preservation projects on Miyajima Island, such as restoration and repair work on its historical structures and buildings.
5. Control of Development: To prevent overdevelopment, strict regulations are in place to control any new construction or major renovations on the island. This helps to maintain its traditional aesthetic and preserve the natural landscape.
6. Maintenance and Repair: Regular maintenance and repair work are carried out on the island’s historical landmarks to prevent deterioration and damage from natural elements.
7. Education and Awareness Campaigns: The Japanese government has launched education programs aimed at raising public awareness about the importance of preserving cultural heritage sites like Miyajima Island.
8. Tourist Management Measures: With an increasing number of visitors each year, authorities have implemented measures to manage tourism effectively without causing harm to the island’s cultural assets.
9. Use of Traditional Techniques: When carrying out restoration or repair work, traditional techniques are used alongside modern technology to ensure authenticity is maintained while enhancing durability.
10. Continuous Monitoring: The condition of all historical landmarks on Miyajima Island is regularly monitored through inspections and assessments by experts to identify potential risks or threats early on.
11. Conservation Plans: Each major landmark on Miyajima Island has a detailed conservation plan in place to guide actions and decisions related to its preservation.
12. Preservation of Natural Environment: Miyajima Island’s natural environment, including its forests and wildlife, are also protected and preserved through various efforts by the government and local communities.
13. Partnership with Private Entities: The Japanese government promotes partnerships with private organizations to fund preservation projects on Miyajima Island, which enables the island to be maintained without putting a strain on public resources.
14. Collaboration with International Organizations: Japan also works closely with international heritage organizations such as UNESCO and ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) for guidance and support on preservation efforts.
15. Cultural Events and Festivals: The island’s cultural events and festivals, such as the annual festival at Itsukushima Shrine, promote awareness of the island’s historical heritage while providing an opportunity for visitors to experience its traditional culture.
16. Preservation Guidelines for Visitors: Visitors are encouraged to follow certain guidelines when visiting historical landmarks on Miyajima Island, such as refraining from touching or climbing on structures, so as not to cause damage.
17. Emphasis on Traditional Craftsmanship: Traditional craftsmanship is highly valued in Japan, and this is evident in the careful restoration work carried out on historical landmarks. Japan also promotes the passing down of traditional skills related to conservation work.
18. Disaster Preparedness Plans: In case of natural disasters or emergencies, plans are in place to mitigate any potential damage or loss to historical landmarks on Miyajima Island.
19. Tourist Revenue Allocation: A portion of tourism revenue generated from visitors to Miyajima Island goes towards preservation efforts, ensuring that resources are continuously invested in protecting its cultural heritage.
20. Future Planning Considerations: The Japanese government carefully considers future development plans while simultaneously maintaining the balance between preserving cultural heritage sites like Miyajima Island and catering to the needs of modern tourists.